To Protect Marijuana from Monsanto Patenting, Company Begins Mapping Cannabis Genome

To Protect Marijuana from Monsanto Patenting, Company Begins Mapping Cannabis Genome

by Zen Gardner - 28/04/2016












By Jay Syrmopoulos
A pioneering biotechnology startup has launched an online interactive guide that maps the genetic evolution of the cannabis genome, allowing for specific strains of marijuana that are already in the public domain a form of protection from patenting by large biotech firms such as Monsanto.
After two years of collecting samples, sequencing the plant’s DNA and developing the software to allow for a 3-D visualization of the collected data, the company was ready to unveil their long-awaited project.
“Sample collection was a huge part of this process,” Carolyn White, Sales and Marketing Manager at Phylos Bioscience told Willamette Week. “One side was a collaboration with growers, dispensaries and labs to collect modern samples, and the other a process of hunting down ancient landrace strains from all over the world.”
The Portland company, fittingly on 4/20, went online with its interactive guide, which the company calls Galaxy.
According to a report in The New York Times:

The resulting visualization will offer anyone the ability to easily travel in cyberspace through a three-dimensional projection of the genetic information drawn from sequencing samples of the plant, which is increasingly being legalized for medical and recreational use in states throughout the country…
Phylos has created a colorful 3-D map that visually represents the statistical relationships between different breeds of the plant. The company hopes that having genetic information easily available will help bring order to a business that began underground and is now making a commercial transition.
Over time, the scientists believe, this sort of visual map can be applied to other types of plants, or even to animals.

While there are a number of other companies that offer various services in identification and cataloging, none offer actual DNA sequencing, which provides an unparalleled level of accuracy.
According to a report in Willamette Week:

With the Galaxy, users can view the hereditary sequence of each plant by following lines that connect strains to their genetic parent or offspring. Similar plants are located close to each other, while color groups the plants into “tribes” based on their region.

“We’ve collected samples from all over the world, and cataloged the genetic information encoded in their DNA,” Dr. Holmes, Phylos’s chief science officer and molecular and evolutionary biologist, in addition to being a co-founder of Phylos Bioscience, told the NY Times, relating the DNA sequencing to an actual bar code in terms of identification and evolutionary relationship relative to other samples.
The data could theoretically help protect the intellectual property rights of growers from potential big business interests, such as Monsanto, from gaining a patent foothold in the growing industry.
Due to the social media attention given to the subject, Monsanto has attempted to refute any interest in producing GMO cannabis, posting on their website that the companies reported interest in GMO marijuana is nothing more than “an Internet rumor.”
Additionally, on April 25, Monsanto spokeswoman Charla Lord told Willamette Week that the company will not be getting involved in the marijuana business.
“Monsanto has not, is not and has no plans for working on cultivating cannabis,” Lord told WW.
Contrary to the public statements by Lord, White says that he expects companies like Monsanto will attempt to eventually patent cannabis.
“We think Big Pharma and Big Ag will be the primary audience after patents, and it will likely require writing new DNA in to the plant,” White told WW. “None of the folks at Phylos really see patenting as a viable tool for the average breeder.”
Phylos looks to assist in pushing more data into the public domain as a hedge against patenting by large bio-agribusiness as information in the public domain can’t be patented after one year.
“You can’t patent anything that’s been in the public domain longer than a year,” White told WW. “We set out to bring more knowledge and transparency to the industry and that’s still what we’re doing.”
The next step for the innovative company is the launch of a commercial sequencing product to allow for anyone to send in a sample to Phylos and have it sequenced. The sample would be placed into the Galaxy, with the customer being given a detailed analysis of the strains sequenced data.
Jay Syrmopoulos writes for TheFreeThoughtProject.com, where this article first appeared.
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Map Of Cannabis Genome Could Keep Greedy Corporations From Patenting Pot DNA
A new initiative could help keep agribusiness giants like Monsanto from controlling the future of cannabis by blocking patents.
By Kit O'Connell @KitOConnell | April 27, 2016




PORTLAND, Oregon — An innovative digital map of the cannabis genome could help deepen scientific understanding of the plant, and it may also protect it from greedy corporations.
That’s the hope of Phylos Bioscience, a Portland-based company which recently launched The Phylos Galaxy. The app offers a 3D visualization of the relationship of hundreds of strains of cannabis, from the popular varieties sold in Oregon’s legal dispensaries to indigenous varieties found globally known as “landrace strains.”

 
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Types are linked by their hereditary sequences to ancestor strains and visually grouped into “tribes” by their chemical and genetic similarities.
On April 23, Carolyn White, sales and marketing manager at Phylos, told the Willamette Week that her organization “set out to bring more knowledge and transparency to the industry” with the Galaxy and other efforts to document the diversity of the cannabis genome.
Growers and consumers will soon be able to pay a fee to have any cannabis sample sequenced by the company.
Phylos’ founder and chief scientific officer, Mowgli Holmes, spent years documenting marijuana’s DNA and advocating for a better scientific understanding of this beneficial plant before launching the Galaxy app on April 20. Speaking at TechFestNW in August, he said Phylos’ research offers many potential benefits to cannabis users:
“Holmes said mapping the cannabis genome will allow his team to better understand the medicinal and recreational components of the plant, and allow people to make better use of them. The project will allow for the creation of targeted medicines that are even more effective than current medicinal marijuana.”

Last year, when California cannabis breeders patented a marijuana gene for the first time, Vice News warned that it could lead to a “patent war” in the cannabis industry as corporations and growers fight for ownership of the plant.
Persistent rumors suggest that agribusiness giant Monsanto is researching marijuana, although the company dismisses these claims as “an Internet rumor.”  
Whether or not the seed-trade behemoth gets involved, marijuana is becoming big business. A secondary goal of Phylos’ research is to push more of the marijuana genome into the public domain, where it can benefit everyone rather than just wealthy investors.
“We think Big Pharma and Big Ag will be the primary audience after patents, and it will likely require writing new DNA into the plant,” White said.
She said Phylos believes patents benefit only large corporations, not everyday growers and consumers. “None of the folks at Phylos really see patenting as a viable tool for the average breeder.”
According to Holmes, there’s another potential benefit of the project: increasing the scientific literacy of cannabis aficionados. At TechFestNW, he declared: “It’s probably the first time that civilians can really geek out over data visualization.”
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